Detention of more than 2,500 people in Lithuania must end now

“MSF teams have witnessed the physical and mental health distress caused by detention,” said Georgina Brown, MSF country representative in Lithuania. “People do not have access to a fair asylum process and there is no specialized support for psychiatric disorders or survivors of torture and sexual violence. Prolonged arbitrary detention for migrants and asylum seekers in Lithuania must end immediately and all asylum claims should be fairly assessed as quickly as possible.”

MSF provides mental health and medical care in two detention centers in Lithuania where people are held for months on end without knowing when they will be released. Most people were detained in 2021 following a sharp increase in the number of people from Iraq, Congo, Syria, Cameroon, and Afghanistan trying to cross from Belarus into Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia. Many have disclosed to MSF teams that they fear persecution or death if they return to their countries. In Lithuania, people can be held in the centers for one year—although this can be extended to 18 months on a case-by-case basis.

EU migration policies aimed at restricting migration and expanding detention have a detrimental impact on people’s mental health and well-being. Between January and March 2022, MSF’s psychologists treated 98 patients, 60 percent of whom had anxiety related complaints, mostly stemming from detention conditions. During that same period, MSF teams carried out 2,636 consultations. The majority were for psychological first aid, psychosomatic complaints related to detention, and a lack of access to essential items, including over-the-counter medications.

Uncertainty and limited access to legal aid are also major stressors. “I want to know what our future is,” a man detained in Kybartai told MSF. “We are trapped.”

Members of the LGBTQI+ community are frequently exposed to discrimination and state detention conditions have severely impacted their mental wellbeing. “I tried several times to kill myself without success,” a detainee who identifies as a member of the LGBTQI+ community told MSF.

Conditions of detention are inadequate to respond to the health and protection needs of people who are seeking safety. Many also report degrading treatment and violence by the guards managing the two detention facilities where MSF works. In March, an MSF nurse witnessed State Border Guards violently wrestle to the ground and handcuff a psychiatric patient and put him in isolation. “He was locked into solitary confinement in the cell,” the MSF nurse said. “I requested to enter his cell, but I was refused entry. In the cell there was a sharp object—he harmed himself immediately following his return to [detention].”

Recently, MSF mental health staff provided psychological support to three people who were sexually assaulted while in detention. This case was reported in local media. MSF advocated for them to be moved to a more appropriate center. The process was tedious and took more than two weeks.

There are currently no alternatives to detention for individuals who are identified as being particularly vulnerable. Since January 2022, MSF has identified and supported over 50 people who experienced torture or sexual and gender-based violence in their country before they fled. Our teams have identified and referred protection cases to the UNHCR, including psychiatric patients who lack appropriate care.

MSF calls for an end to arbitrary and prolonged detention of asylum seekers and migrants in Lithuania. Authorities must ensure meaningful and effective protection and urgently provide alternatives to detention. If detention continues, abuse, violence, and mental health distress of those detained will worsen.